Short Term Financing With Foreign Currency - 1223 Words

Financing in Foreign Currency Decision of short term financing with foreign currency has both pros and cons which can impact, maximizing the value of the Specialty Coffee Shop. In general, MNC should consider borrowing in the currency that offers lower interest rate which will reduce the cost of borrowing. According to the textbook exhibit 20.1 MNCs that conduct business in developing countries have high interest rates compared to developed countries, thus increase the cost if money is borrowed in the local currency. The Specialty Coffee Shop would need to consider the interest rate in the United States (Dollar) versus the interest rate when borrowing in Pakistan (the Pakistan Rupee). Figure 1 in Appendix shows the interest in†¦show more content†¦The decision for MNC is based on a tradeoff of the expected reduction in financing expenses versus the risk that the currency borrow appreciates against their inflow currencies or vice versa. According to Madura (2015) â€Å"the following effective financing rate formula can be used to compare positive and negative effective rate on actual cost using. rf = (1+if)(1+ef)-1 Where rf = effective financing rate if = interest rate of the foreign currency ef = percentage change in foreign currency spot rates†. Appendix Figure 3 shows real effective exchange rate of Pakistan Rupee on the rise in recent years that would increase the cost of the loan for example suppose a Pakistan Rupee debt can be obtained at 5.75% (against a U.S. dollar) and Pakistan dollar over the life of the loan appreciated 10% than the effective rate is 29.6% (rf = (1+.0575)(1+.10)-1 = 16.33%). The actual cost of financing in Pakistan Rupee is greater than 5.75% interest rate due to the appreciation of the Pakistan Rupee. If the Pakistan Rupee depreciate by 20% than the actual cost of the financing is -26.9% (rf = (1+.0575)*(1+ (-.20))-1 = -26.9%). The determining of the effective financing rate can be helpful in the decision making, however the risk is uncertainty of the exchange rate movement for Pakistan Rupee. (Madura, 2015). The attractiveness of lower costs of financing due to depreciation of Pakistan Rupee will increase the foreignShow MoreRelatedStarbucks Is The Biggest Most Valuable Fast Food Brand Worldwide846 Words   |  4 Pagessecond after global giant McDonalds. (statista.com) Short term financial needs Short-term financing is a fast and flexible way for companies to obtain funds for the daily operations of the business and it is a method of raising funds involving financial obligations that need to be repaid within a year or less. The businesses with cyclical operations like retailers or those engaged in international trade usually obtains financing through short term debt. 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3g networks Free Essays

â€Å"Knock , Knock. Who’s There? It’s the Papparzzi† In 1960 Federico Fellini directed a film intitled â€Å"La Dole Vlta†. In the film actor Walter Santesso plays a news photographer named ‘Paparazzo’. We will write a custom essay sample on 3g networks or any similar topic only for you Order Now Little did any of them know the term ‘paparazzo’ would be a staple in households and news lines everywhere. In today’s times the paparazzi are considered to be rutheless photographers who will do anything to get a snapshot of a celebrity or athelete. Whether it be them leaving practice or a movie set, going out to clubs at night, grocery shopping, or even walking their kids to school. Some say paparazzi are down right (excuse my french) assholes. Standing in line at the supermarket or walking down the streets in some cities, we see magazines or tabloids that have celebrites faces plastered on them in sometimes disapproving situations. We never wonder how the pictures got taken or what lengths it took to get such an amazing or sometimes horrid shot. In June of 2005, then 18 year old Lindsay Lohan’s car was hit by photographer Galo Cesar Ramirez who was trying to follow her. In an interview she said â€Å"A line needs to be drawn in terms of getting violent. † She then Joined other celebs including Cameron Diaz and Justin Timberlake in trying to prevent the â€Å"pap† from invading their personal space. In several instances the paparazzi claim the First Amendment, which prohibits the making of any law abridging the freedom of speech, infringing on the freedom of the press, or interfering with the right to peaceably assemble. It is very hard for a celebrity to not seem like a hyprocrite when asking for the paparazzi to leave them alone. When leaving your â€Å"normal† life behind to partake in the lavish yet dangerous life of being famous, there are some things that comes with the erritory. How to cite 3g networks, Papers

Singing To Cuba Essay Example For Students

Singing To Cuba Essay Singing to CubaResistance, as exhibited throughout this units readings, provides a dangerous outlet for the frustrations of Latinos everywhere.People in Latin countries, such as Cuba, often times seem to express that by sitting quietly under a dictators rule you are agreeing with his regime.They combat this phenomena in both violent and nonviolent ways, but both provide serious risk.Rules setup in countries like Cuba are severly enforced, evident by the numerous soldiers encamped on every street. In Margarita Engles short story, From Singing to Cuba, the theme of resistance looms over the story and dictates the actions of the characters. Examples of resistance occur throughout this story, but several particular incidents provide very sufficent evidence of this.Firstly, the main character Miguelito wears a large crucifix around his neck when walking in public.This action is very taboo in this area of the world, and this fact alone plays a large role in Migelitos choice to wear it.He left the top button of his shirt open to make sure the crucifix showed and he walked with pride, relieved to be taking a step so bold and defiant.This statement alone proves that not only does he wear the piece of jewelry for his love of god, but also to show his resistance towards the rules.Another big example of resistant behavior is the meer fact that the two family members converse openly throughout the story.Foreigners and natives are not allowed to speak at all in Cuba, and by conversing the two are leaving themselves at severe risk of being punished.These types of little resistive fights occur through the entirety of the story, one building to another. Through resistance, the characters in this story develop an inner pride at not being the lapdogs of the Castro regime.Although not fighting to the degree of some people, such as the Mirabel sisters against Trujillo, Miguelito and his relative are certainly showing that they dont agree with the laws.The quote about Miguelitos pride when showing his crucifix showed a major example of what he gains from resistance; pride.This is also a major factor in what keeps citizens of countries like Cuba fighting, little moral victories that they can use to fuel bigger ones.In order for any resistive fight to be successful, a foundation of self pride must be constructed. Despite the major positive that this story portrays about resistance, there are also many negative things that can come from it.The main one is fear.Everywhere the two walked they were followed by soldier weilding guns, mirroring their every step.When taking pictures of the soldiers they were threatened to let them know this would not be tolerated.The story also described another act that is sometimes perpatrated against resistors.An Act of Repudiation is performed when soldiers disguise arrests, beatings, and destruction of property as simple progovernment demonstrations.This act terrorizes onlookers and makes people think twice before going against government rule. The events described above make Cuba a very tense place to live, and the text portrayed this immensely.The government, to this day, has prevented any overwhelmed form of resistance, causing the people to develop pride from minor displays.Although these acts seems small on the outside, they allow the Miguelito to build up a wall of freedom around him and keep his fight going.To this point in the writing, the regimes acts of terror havent effected him.This allows him to parade the street as he does, displaying his crucifix and talking openly to his cousin.

The War Of 1812 Essays - Maryland, United States,

The War of 1812 The War of 1812 To many, the War of 1812 is considered the second war for independence. To me, it is the one of the most unusual wars of all time. During a time period between 1803-1812 British sailors had been tormenting American ships on the high seas. British captains would eventually take over and capture over 10,000 American citizens to man British ships. In June of 1807, three miles off the coast of Virginia, an American ship named the Chesapeake was commanded by a British ship named the Leopard to be boarded. When the Chesapeake refused to cooperate, the Leopard fired, killing three and wounding eighteen. This humiliated the United States and its people. The anti-British frame of mind was in full swing on the eve of the upcoming election. In 1812, James Madison was elected President of the United States. Aggressive southern frontiersman known as the Warhawks dominated Congress. The group included Kentuckian Henry Clay as Speaker of the house and South Carolinian John C. Calhoun. These men and others rejected Thomas Jefferson's strategy of peaceful coercion. These speakers could ignite a crowd and stir up aggressiveness towards the British. They would talk of the humiliation and how America shouldn't have to put up with it. They were pressuring Madison to do something. Congress wanted Madison to invade Canada and attack the Indians who had been tormenting homes on the frontier. Madison finally succumbed to their wishes and declared war on the British June 1, 1812. The timing of his actions seemed odd as over the last few months actions against each country seemed to have been at ease. There had been no new attacks on the high seas and at the time Madison called for war, British Government was suspending the Orders in Council. This was an appeasing gesture that in all likelihood would have preserved the peace. Madison never really wanted the annexation of Canada; he was merely pushed into the decision. There were three attempts to invade Canada and they all failed. Toronto, the capital of Canada was assaulted and burned to the ground in the Battle of York April 27, 1813. Two more attempts were made and the struggling United States Army was pushed back. British naval ships blockaded all major ports and no ships were allowed to leave or enter. As successful as the British troops were on land, the high seas belonged to the Americans. Captain Isaac Hull's ship, the Constitution won a major battle against the HMS Guerriere and American privateers crushed or captured a number of British merchant ships. On September 13,1813, Oliver Hazard Perry commanded a decisive American naval victory at the Battle of Lake Erie. In October of that same year, Indian Chief Tecumseh was killed at the Battle of Thames, a United States victory. In March of 1814, Andrew Jackson scored a victory at the Battle of Horseshoe Bend over the Creek Indians. By this time the British were already tired of the war and it was costing them too much money. As the threat of Napoleon decreased in Europe, the British navy increased in size and power in North America. The naval blockades in American ports became much stronger than they were ever before. Sir George Prevost, commander of the British forces hastily entered upper New York State; an American fleet headed by Captain Thomas Macdonough was waiting to turn him back. The Battle of Plattsburgh was an American victory and it secured a northern border between the two countries. Before the Battle of Plattsburgh, British forces had already planned a three-part invasion into the United States. They were amazed to see that the Chesapeake region, which they had tormented throughout the war, was totally defenseless. The British invaded and burned down the Capital and other Government buildings. In no way were these actions essential to a British victory. They were simply retaliation for Americans burning down the Canadian capital of Ontario. The British were not impressed with the defenseless capital and wanted more. On September 13,1814, British Naval ships began bombarding Baltimore and Fort McHenry. For twenty-four hours Fort McHenry became a theater of war. When the British finally gave up the maneuver, Francis Scott Key wrote a song devoted to the perseverance of Fort McHenry called The Star Spangled Banner. Today it is our National Anthem. While a Peace treaty was being put together in Europe, British troops were about to invade New Orleans in one of the most bitter endings to one of the strangest wars of all time. The War of 1812 was over and British troops were going into Battle

Take this quiz to find out what your most dominant work trait

Take this quiz to find out what your most dominant work trait You have several traits that are excellent for work; such as being hardworking, dedicated, loyal†¦ The list goes on and on. But have you ever wondered what your most dominate trait in work is? It’s so hard to just pick one that’s why this quiz is perfect for helping you decide.  Source [Playbuzz]

Definition and Examples of Correctness in Language

Definition and Examples of Correctness in Language In prescriptive grammar, correctness is the notion that certain words, word forms, and syntactic structures meet the standards and conventions (that is, the rules) prescribed by traditional grammarians. Contrast correctness with grammatical error. According to  David Rosenwasser and Jill Stephen, Achieving grammatical correctness is a matter of both knowledgehow to recognize and avoid errorsand timing: when to narrow your focus to proofreading (Writing Analytically, 2012). Examples and Observations It is in vain to set up a language police to stem living developments. (I have always suspected that correctness is the last refuge of those who have nothing to say.)(Friederich Waismann, Analytic-Synthetic V. Analysis, 1952)Concern with correctness, whether mechanical, logical, or rhetorical, is in no way illegitimate or suspect. Virtually all educators evaluate student writing for correctness of spelling, grammar, or logic. What generates the distinctive pedagogies of clear and correct writing is not a concern with correctness that no one else shares, but the rather less widespread notion that rules are somehow context-neutral, that they can be taught by themselves and then applied elsewhere.(Dennis McGrath and Martin B. Spear, The Academic Crisis of the Community College. SUNY Press, 1991)School Grammar and CorrectnessIn nearly every instance, school grammar is traditional grammar. It is concerned primarily with correctness and with the categorical names for the words that make up sentences. Thus, students study grammatical terms and certain rules that are supposed to be associated with correctness. Grammar instruction is justified on the assumption that students who speak or write expressions such as He dont do nothin will modify their language to produce He doesnt do anything if only they learn a bit more grammar. . . .Although most teachers in our public schools continue to prescribe language, linguists dropped prescription long ago, replacing it with the concept of appropriateness conditions. This expression signifies that language use is situation specific and that there is no absolute standard of correctness that applies to all situations. People modify their language on the basis of circumstances and dominant conventions . . ..(James D. Williams, The Teachers Grammar Book. Lawrence Erlbaum, 1999) Three Kinds of Rules Most of our attitudes about correctness have been encouraged by generations of grammarians who, in their zeal to codify good English, have confused three kinds of rules:A few date from the twentieth century:But since grammarians have been accusing the best writers of violating such rules for the last 250 years, we have to conclude that for 250 years the best writers have been ignoring both the rules and the grammarians. Which is lucky for grammarians, because if writers did obey all their rules, grammarians would have to keep inventing new ones, or find another line of work.(Joseph M. Williams, Style: The Basics of Clarity and Grace. Longman, 2003) Some rules define what makes English Englisharticles precede nouns: the book, not book the. These are the real rules we violate only when we are tired or rushed. . . .A few rules distinguish Standard English from nonstandard: He doesnt have any money versus He dont have no money. The only writers who consciously follow these rules are those striving to join the educated class. Schooled writers observe these rules as naturally as they observe the real rules and think about them only when they notice others violating them.Finally, some grammarians have invented rules they think we all should observe. Most date from the last half of the eighteenth century: Dont split infinitives, as in to quietly leave.Dont use than after different, as in This is different than that. Use from.Dont use hopefully for I hope, as in Hopefully, it wont rain.Dont use which for that, as in a car which I sold. Freshman Composition and Correctness Composition courses provided a means to teach larger numbers of students at once, assessing their success by measuring their adherence to prescribed standards. . . . [M]any schools [in the late 19th century] began instituting Freshman Composition classes that focused more on correctness than invention. For example, Harvards course English A, initiated in the 1870s, focused less on traditional aspects of rhetoric and more on correctness and formulaic responses. The concept of discipline had changed from moral and religious discipline, codes of conduct and virtue, to mental discipline, means of working with repetitive drills and exercises.(Suzanne Bordelon, Elizabethada A. Wright, and S. Michael Halloran, From Rhetoric to Rhetorics: An Interim Report on the History of American Writing Instruction to 1900. A Short History of Writing Instruction: From Ancient Greece to Contemporary America, 3rd ed., edited by James J. Murphy. Routledge, 2012)

Case study furniture bank Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Case study furniture bank - Term Paper Example Though the company is going to incur expenses which have to be given from the cash in hand or go for bank loans. But furniture bank being a charitable organization will also get some rebate in the interest levied on the loan. Once the furniture banking starts building up on the cash, they will also be in a position to spread an awareness regarding their cause for which they are working in the country. Moreover, a further cash of $127000 can be earned from which the expenses of the truck drivers can be borne. Thus, the truck which gets utilized for five days for 90 hours can give more output. Capital Campaign The problem faced by the charitable institution like furniture banking may be that of many other organizations which non profit making institutions are. Being a charitable institution the land acquired by furniture bank was given for free; which is now being taken away forcefully with the intention of building houses at affordable rates. The institution also wants to move to a pl ace which is easily accessible to their entire volunteers who live in Greater Toronto Area. But getting a property there even at a subsidised rate accounts to $1.5million to 3.5million which is almost beyond the limit of furniture bank. Though the institution is having a favourable cash balance yet the rate proposed is beyond their limits because if they go for a property at exorbitant price then the cash required for rendering services will get reduced hampering the cause which is their main motive behind starting of the organization. So in order to get rid of the relocation problem some steps need to be taken like the create more volunteers for the organization, improving fund raising skills and confidence and train the existing staff for making a strong team towards the achievement of the goals. But until a suitable place to set up the institution is found it would not be advisable to shift from the present location under any circumstances (Kihlstedt, 2010, p. 2). Information Tec hnology The information technology is an essential element to run any business effectively, be it profit making or non profit making organization. To track the caller of the furniture bank a proper information system should be built up so that the company can expand more. The cause of the company though a good one is not yet marketed properly so the number of volunteers is a mere 30 members. For a non profit making organization to grow it is very important to spread the cause near and far. This will require more volunteers than presently existing, so marketing through the information technology will not only spread the cause of furniture bank but also do the needful at an affordable cost. Even the records of the institution related to its policies and procedures will be well maintained unlike now. Answering calls will be much prompt than that of now. Customer relationship will also get enhanced. Though the initial cost will come to around $90000 approximately with a monthly payment of $1500 for system maintenance and direct technical support, yet it is advisable to bear with the

Book report; schlesinger, The Distinguishing of America Term Paper

Book report; schlesinger, The Distinguishing of America - Term Paper Example he thesis that the emphasis on ethnic awareness, especially among public school, is a mistake; that instead of students studying the history that will unite America, they would be studying the history of his or her ethnic origin that is not even a historical fact. According to him, â€Å"the purpose of history is to promote not group self-esteem, but understanding of the world and the past, dispassionate analysis, judgment, and perspective, respect for divergent cultures and traditions, and unflinching protection for those unifying ideas of tolerance, democracy, and human rights that make free historical inquiry possible† (Schlesinger 104). In pushing for his thesis, Schlesinger argued that it is really not beneficial for Afro-Americans to study the history of an ethnic group or country which they have no cultural ties. He used the example of W.E.B. Du Bois to illustrate the detachment of the present generation of Afro-Americans to Africa as saying that â€Å"neither my father nor my father’s father ever saw Africa, or knew its meaning or cared overmuch for it† (Schlesinger 88). Even quoting the great Afro-American civil rights activist Martin Luther King as â€Å"we know nothing of Africa† (Schlesinger 89). In Schlesinger assertion, this can even lead to a distorted sense of history and cultural crisis as students would tend to study the essays written by the likes of Afrocentric writers such as Asa Hilliard and John Henrik Clarke, whose assertion that Africa is the â€Å"mother of Western civilization† has no historical basis, that is grounded more on fiction than documented fact. While it is agreeable that it is very important to study the history and the traditional canon of one’s country of birth (America), the tragedies that molded it, or the nuances of its cultural orientation, the assertion of Schlesinger that extending the historical study to other ethnic roots could distort one’s cultural image or sense of history is rather simplistic. It

Eating - Custard Essay Example for Free

Eating Custard Essay Melt in Your Mouth â€Å"Perhaps like falling in love, eating is passion wearing a semblance of decorousness, when delicacy is out of reach because the palate had just been ambushed into helplessness. † mentioned by Merlinda Bobis in her novel Banana Heart Summer. I heard this quote from my brother John, and ever since then I fell in love with it. My brother and I share the same passion when it comes to food. We can never get enough of it. Food for the two of us brings us joy that takes us in a journey together and it strengthens our bond as brother and sister. Just like food, love is one of the main ingredients in every human being to be able to live life melodiously. Food and love go hand in hand with one another; it produces pleasure and satisfaction for everyone. My brother and I are always in the hunt for the best dessert place in town. When I found out that he discovered this specific dessert place in Downtown, San Diego, I got very excited to go and try it out. That same day my brother took me out to this restaurant called Extraordinary Desserts. When we got there, there was a long line of people standing outside waiting to order to-go and or to be seated at a table. The hostess told us the wait is going to be an hour, so we waited, since we both wholeheartedly enjoy eating desserts. The hostess finally called my name and the wait was totally worth it. Then we set foot in the restaurant, I felt stunned since the decoration was striking, lavish and was the proper place to celebrate desserts. I walked in the restaurant and I felt like a kid in a candy store. There were so many varieties from cakes to ice cream. Now, I know why this place is so busy and packed with people waiting just to satisfy their cravings. There were so many choices to choose from that I became indecisive on what I wanted to order; however, one dessert rose up to the occasion. I felt like heaven sent me a sign to pick the perfect one just for me. The waiter approached us and asked what we would like to order. I ordered the creme brulee; my brother ordered it as well. He was very pleased that we ordered this specific dessert. It was evident that all the people around the town enjoyed this dessert. The waiter did not take that long to bring us our order. They were decorated with a nest of caramelized brown sugar on top. Inside contained a rich cream and flan like filling. Flan is usually a sweet or savory filling. It is similar to a custard tart. Creme brulee is also known as burnt cream. The dessert was so inextricably linked to French dessert, that I could smell and taste every ingredient and it was so gratifying. Taking a spoonful of the creme brulee in my mouth was the most pleasing cream I ever had. I had eaten so much that literally I could not take another bite. It was like a burst of rainbow after the rain. It completely takes away all the stress and sorrow that I might be feeling at that moment; and, turned it into a smile and contentment. Now, when I am asked about what is my favorite dessert ever, it is very enjoyable to recall. It is the creme brulee especially made from Extraordinary Desserts. This is a memorable dessert that I have ever eaten, but also one of the most pleasant memories of my life is experiencing it with my brother who shares the same love on exploring and trying new food. We always enjoy each others company where ever we go. We like to reminisce about our childhood and our trouble-maker years while enjoying the mouth-watering creme brulee. I can say that I am one of those people who love to eat and are in a state that is simply breathtaking being in love. Both food and love is the core of my heart right now. They both inspire me to be a better me. Food fulfills my physical body while Love replenishes my spirit. Love to me is like eating. Eating has different tastes, and so as love. We cannot live without food and love in life.

My Philippine Identity Essay examples -- Personal Narrative, Identity

My Philippine Identity Identity is the essence of a person which makes him stand out as an individual. There are various factors which help form and evolve a person's persona, and that is what I write about in the follwing essay. We did not think it mattered! Who needed the "right" car, family lineage, the "right" education, domestic helpers--basically the "right" everything? We perceived all of the above as parts of the pretension of the Philippine society, yet it was so easy for us to ignore and dissociate ourselves from it because we were the products of this "right" term. We could deny the class system and insult it because we were luckily born into the advantageous class, and we had these "right elements" accessible to us. If we became tired of the society we could complain about it or excommunicate ourselves, but since we were considered the "privileged class" we could always return and the level of respect would still be there. We were in a no lose situation in this respect. The Philippine society consists of distinct class systems which depend, number one, on the family background of a person, then number two, the socioeconomic level. Which family you come from, whether they are in business, in politics, etc. is very important. People really look at surnames. If you have a revered surname you get some kind of automatic respect, even if you are not a very kind person. Money also matters but if you have just recently encountered your wealth and you do not belong to the right kind of family, chances are you will be considered "nouveau riche." Many of my friends and I used to complain about the materialism of the people, the way we had to act a certain way in front of adults, the social obligations, and how on... ...e harmonious relationships. These reminders which are trying to reach out to us, so that we may all live together in peace, are extra elements which help push us along the road to better relations. In the end though, people must come to terms with racial, societal, or any kind of discrimination in their own time and pace. That is the only instance that they will be able to get their hatred and awkwardness out of their system. In terms of Philippine Filipinos and Fil-Am relations, as of today, I think that the people are ready to accept each other. It is now the right timing for them to get to know their missing link--their other Filipino half. The occurrence in Boston University was, I feel, the beginning of a trend that will reach all the Filipinos in the United States, and make each and every Filipino part of one group instead of two groups that do not get along.

Batman Beggins Essay

Jorge Mastache ENG4U Batman Begins essay Fear is one of the strongest emotions amongst human feelings, it is strong enough that people chose to do actions based on fear. One of the main themes in Batman Begins is fear, much of the plot is driven by fear, and the movie shows and explores fear in order to show how it affects people’s lives. It also shows how a person can be swallow by fear when you cannot control your emotions. The mastery of the control of fear is what truly liberates a human being because without fear people can truly do anything they desire.Two opposite effects of fear confront each other in Batman begins, the one driven by Batman against the one from Ra’s al Ghul, these characters experience fear during their lives, that fear was imposed by similar sources; Criminal Underground. Batman lost his parents to a criminal and it is implied that Ra’s did as well. The ke is in the difference between their targets. While Batman utilizes his fear to save the innocent from those criminals, Ra’s utilizes his to attempt to destroy those criminals and the ability to produce more criminals.This difference says something about the level of control that each of them has over their fears. Batman has enough control over his fear to retain a sense of rationality, distinguishing who is the enemy and who is the innocent. He even has a code of no murder anybody, that’s what sets him apart from that criminal underworld and ensure that he truly is making a difference. Ra’s, on the other hand, cannot distinguish the good from the bad.His fear drives him to attempt destroying the entire Gothan city, a completely irrational judgment call fueled by an extreme desire to ensure justice. Extremism is born from fear, and Ra’s is different than Batman in that he doesn’t control his fear, his fear controls him. Another way fear is shown in this movie is through the drug that Scarecrow administers to bring out peopleâ€⠄¢s deepest fears. Not even Batman is immune to this fear, despite his control over it. Even though people control their fears to some degrees, everybody still fears something, nobody is fearless.Fear breeds violence, and violence is what destroys societies. Revolution or anarchy, both fear apart the political structure because violence threatens the safety of the populace and the political structure is supposed to ensure that safety of the populace and the political structure is supposed to ensure that safety. The fear drug is a way to examine what would happen if fear and panic completely overtook a populace, and the movie argues that it would completely destabilize and destroy a society.Batman Begins takes the notion of fear and does a fantastic job showing how it would affect people on a small and large scale. On a small scale, it can take a person and completely twist their motivation. On a larger scale, it’s a far more effective, taking entire societies and civilization s and reducing them to nothing. Ra’s is fueled by fear, but we’ll soon see that not all villans share the same motivation. Some men are far less sympathetic than Ra’s. Some men just want to watch the world Burn.

Descriptive Essay Final Copy

I grab my bag and a hair-tie from the vanity on my way Out the door, tying my waist-length brown hair in a knot as I hurry down the stairs. My nana stands at the stove, stirring the pot of gravy she is making for breakfast. Behind her stands my papaw, playfully yanking her ponytail every time she turns around. At first glance one would think that they make an odd couple, with my nana being only five feet tall, with fox-red hair and hazel green eyes, in near perfect contrast to my papaw who is a large man, standing nearly six foot four, with eyes the color of the sky and white air that was once jet black.But as they laugh and play standing there in the kitchen, I know this place would mean nothing if they were any different. I slip on my boots at the door, and run across the field to the old wooden barn, its red has long faded, and the metal door handles are covered with rust. Reach out and grab the rusty handle and pull, hearing the ancient hinges creak and groan as the door opens. W alking into the barn can smell the fresh hay, and the lingering smell of the old moonshine still that sits in the corner, unattended for years, but left for the antique look.I climb the ladder to the loft, and wade through the piles of hay until reach the little door that opens onto the roof. Climb out onto the roof and walk to the end of the barn. There sit down, my leg hanging over the edge of the black shingled roof. I sit and watch as the deer run across the field, and as the train go by down next to the river. Reach in my bag and pull out my sketch pad and charcoals. I draw everything I see, the river, the birds, and the mountains. After I finish, climb down and run to the house; pause at the door, leaning own to pull off my boots.I open the door, and step into the kitchen, the floor is warm from the heat of the old white stove, causing tiny droplets of condensation to form on the speckled blue wallpaper. Nana has already set the table, her faded blue and white china resting in front of three chairs on the blue table cloth that covers the deep brown oak table. On each plate sit two biscuits, golden and gleaming with butter, accompanied by sausage and fried eggs. Grab the pot from the Stove and ladle the thick, creamy gravy onto everyone's plates.The steam rises from each plate like a plume of smoke from a tiny fire, taking with it the wonderful smell of my nana's cooking. As we sit down to eat, we join hands and my papaw gives the blessing; thanking God for the food he has provided on this day, and for forty years h?s had with the wonderful woman who cooked it. See my nana smile with love for my papaw, her head still bowed in prayer as we say ‘amen. ‘ As we raise our heads, I smile too, knowing that this place is filled with love and laughter and always will be.

Alaric - Formation of the Gothic Kingdom Timeline

Alaric - Formation of the Gothic Kingdom Timeline Alaric Sacks Rome | Alaric Timeline Alaric Before 395: Alaric, a Gothic king [see Visigoths Timeline], had no territory or power base beyond his soldiers, but he was leader of the Goths for 15 years. When he died, his brother-in-law took over. When he died, Walla, and then, Theoderic ruled the Goths, but by then the Gothic king finally had a physical territory over which to rule. One of the historical sources, Claudian, says Alaric confronted the Emperor Theodosius at the Hebrus River in 391, but Alaric didnt come into prominence until 4 years later, in 395, when Stilicho sent Alaric and auxiliary troops who had served in the Battle of the Frigidus to the Eastern Empire. 395-397: The historian Zosimus claims Alaric, upset that he lacked a proper military title, marched on Constantinople to try to get it. According to Claudian, Rufinus, (de facto head of the Eastern Empire at the moment) bribed Alaric with Balkan provinces to sack, instead. Looting, Alaric advanced through the Balkans and via Thermopylae into Greece. In 397, Stilicho led naval forces against Alaric, forcing the Gothic troops to Epirus. This act provoked Rufinus, so he persuaded eastern Emperor Arcadius to declare Stilicho a public enemy. He withdrew and Alaric received a military position, perhaps magister militum per Illyricum. 401-402: Between then and 401, nothing is heard of Alaric. Gainas, a Gothic military leader under Theodosius, went in and out of favor so that Alaric thought his Goths would be better off elsewhere. They set off for the Western Empire, arriving at the Alps on November 18. Alaric threatened to invade Italy, and then carried through. He fought against Stilicho at Pollentia (map ), on Easter in 402. Stilicho won, took Alarics loot, his wife, and his children. The two sides signed a truce and Alaric withdrew from Italy, but soon Stilicho claimed Alaric had violated the terms, so they fought in the summer of 402 at Verona. 402-405: Although the battle was indecisive, Alaric withdrew to the Balkans, where he stayed until 404 or 405 when Stilicho granted him the office of magister militum for the West. In 405, Alarics people went to Epirus. This, again, upset the Eastern Empire who saw it as preparation for an invasion of Illyricum (map ). 407: Alaric marched to Noricum (Austria) where he demanded protection money what was probably enough to repay his losses at Pollentia in return for not invading Italy. Silicho, who wanted Alarics help elsewhere, persuaded Emperor Honorius and the Roman Senate to pay. 408: Arcadius died in May. Stilicho and Honorius planned to go East to tend to the succession, but Honorius magister officiorum, Olympius, persuaded Honorius that Stilicho was planning a coup. Stilicho was executed on August 22. Olympius refused to honor Stilichos bargain. Alaric next demanded gold and a hostage exchange, but when Honorius refused, Alaric marched on Rome and put the city under siege. There he was joined by veterans of other barbarian battles. The Romans feared starvation, so they promised to send an embassy to Honorius (in Rimini) to convince him to settle with Alaric. 409: The imperial legation met the Romans. Alaric demanded money, grain (it wasnt just the Romans who were hungry) and the top military office, magisterium utriusque militiae which post Stilicho had held. The imperials conceded money and grain, but not the title, so Alaric marched on Rome, again. Alaric made two more attempts with smaller demands, but was rebuffed, so Alaric set up his second siege of Rome, but with a difference. He also set up a usurper, Priscus Attalus, in December. The historian Olympiodorus says Attalus gave Alaric his title, but rejected his advice. 410: Alaric deposed Attalus and then took his troops near Ravenna to negotiate with Honorius, but he was attacked by a Gothic general, Sarus. Alaric took this as a token of Honorius bad faith, so he marched on Rome, again. This was the major sack of Rome mentioned in all the history books. Alaric and his men sacked the city for 3 days, ending on August 27. [See Procopius.] Along with their plunder, the Goths took Honorius sister, Galla Placidia, when they left. The Goths still didnt have a home and before they acquired one, Alaric died of a fever very soon after the sacking, at Consentia. 411: Alarics brother-in-law Athaulf marched the Goths into southern Gaul. In 415, Athaulf married Galla Placidia, but the new western magister utriusque militiae, Constantius, starved the Goths out, anyway. After Athaulf was assassinated, the new Gothic king, Walla, made peace with Constantius in exchange for food. Galla Placidia married Constantius, producing a son Valentinian (III) in 419. Wallas men, now in the Roman army, cleared the Iberian peninsula of Vandals, Alans, and Sueves. In 418 Constantius settled Wallas Goths in Aquitaine, Gaul. The Goths in Aquitaine were the 1st autonomous barbarian kingdom inside the Empire. Source Irene Hahns Review of Michael Kulikowskis Romes Gothic Wars: From the Third Century to Alaric (Key Conflicts of Classical Antiquity. Take the Alaric Quiz.

38 Amazing Cause and Effect Essay Topics (Updated 2019)

38 Amazing Cause and Effect Essay Topics Every cause has an effect and every effect has a cause. In philosophy this is known as the First Cause principle. The Greeks established this line of thinking centuries ago and the West picked it up and ran with it. While philosophers of the modern era might reject the notion of causality, they won’t help you get out of having to write a cause and effect essay. So to help you out, here are some cause and effect essay topics that might make your job a little easier. Table of Contents1 Cause and Effect Essay Topics1.1 Good Cause and Effect Essay Topics1.2 College Cause and Effect Essay Topics1.3 Easy Cause and Effect Essay Topics1.4 Creative Cause and Effect Topics2 Conclusion Cause and Effect Essay Topics Good Cause and Effect Essay Topics Good cause and effect essay topics are all around us. Think about the world in which you live and then ask yourself, â€Å"Why are things the way they are today?† Focus on anything—some element of politics, some social norm, some economic practice—and it will serve as good a place as any to start your inquiry. Try these questions for starters. What were the direct and indirect causes of the Civil War? The Civil War is known for being a controversial topic—and many historians are still divided as to what really caused it. A good cause and effect paper on this topic will look at the many different direct and indirect factors that can be said to have led to the outbreak of war between the North and the South. And there are plenty of variables to discuss! What was the effect of WW2’s outcome on the geopolitical world order throughout the second half of the 20th century? In many ways World War Two defined the latter half of the 20th century. It instituted a new world order with the U.S. essentially calling the shots in the West as the new dominant role player. It is also paved the way for an increase in tension between the Eastern and the Western spheres. Geopolitical games were just beginning with the end of WW2. So a good way to broach this subject would be to discuss the many different ways that WW2 impacted geopolitics in the latter half of the 20th century. What caused the Great Depression? Some—like former Fed Chairman Ben Bernanke—say it was the Fed, others an increase in easy credit that led to unwise spending and speculation. Researching the crash and the after effects of this interesting time in American history can be a good way to begin work on finding the causes that led to the Great Depression. What effect has cultural Marxism had on the West? The Frankfurt School had some interesting things to say about modern culture. They also had some interesting ideas about how to change the world to align it more with the ideals of the Marxist doctrine. Starting with Adorno and his pals in the Frankfurt School, you could begin tracing the effects that the cultural Marxists had on the West. No doubt you’ll certainly come to understand a little more about why things are the way they are today. What is the effect of carbon emissions on the atmosphere? Cars and trucks get blamed a lot for the increase of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere. However, what would you say if you were told that the agriculture and farming industry along with the energy industry are responsible for the lion’s share of pollution in the atmosphere? Researching the effect of carbon emissions on the atmosphere can be a good way to find out what might really be behind global warming. What is the cause and effect of political correctness? Ever wonder where the idea of political correctness came from? Ever wonder what kind of effect the practice of political correctness has on society? Here’s a good place to start. What effect does the melting of the polar ice caps have on the global environment? Everyone’s heard of global warming—but not many people know all the ways in which the melting of the polar ice caps could impact the planet. What is the cause of inflation? How does money work and what makes a currency lose value over time? Moreover, what effect does inflation have on the economy, on one’s savings, and on one’s job? Answer these questions by finding the cause and effect of inflation. What effect has the Federal Reserve had on the value of the dollar over the past 100 years? The Fed was founded more than a century again amid some very peculiar backroom dealings on Jekyll Island. Since that time, it takes significantly more USDs (or Federal Reserve notes) to buy what one could have purchased for far fewer notes 75 years ago. Is there a correlation between the institution of the Fed and its power to print money? What has been the effect of globalization on Western society? Western society—and indeed much of the world—used to be far more divided and insular than it is today. Today, while we may have borders and laws about immigration the fact is that much of the world has become homogenized and open. How did this happen? Start your cause and effect paper by researching the causes and effects of globalization. College Cause and Effect Essay Topics College cause and effect essay topics can be ambitious or simple. The key to writing a good college cause and effect essay is to ask a good question and then start tracing out the ways in which events transpire so as to show the cause of the subject in question and its effect. Here are some questions to help jump start some creative ideas on your part. What were the primary causes of Brexit and what will the effects of the UK leaving the EU be on the West? England’s vote to leave the EU was certainly historic in many regards—and no one knows quite what impact it will have on the West. However, there are plenty of good opinions out there backed up by solid, logical claims—which makes this a particularly good cause and effect essay for your college paper. How are the effects of populism and nationalism manifesting in countries around the world today? Nationalism and globalism seem to be in a head-to-head contest today, though with the nature of society being so thoroughly globalized it is difficult to see how any real nationalist movement could have much impact on things. Nonetheless, the growing tide of populism and nationalism can be seen everywhere people are dissatisfied with the current state of government in their country. What will the effects of this rising tide of nationalism be in the long run? And what caused it to come about in the first place? What has been the economic effect of Qualitative Easing? Quantitative Easing (QE) was launched in the wake of the 2008 collapse—and markets have not been the same since. What caused the fall of Lehman Brothers? The fall of Lehman Brothers set off a cascade of defaults and collapses all around the globe. How and—more importantlywhy did this happen? What caused the fall of Enron? Enron was for a short period of time the darling of Wall Street. Ken Lay and Jeff Skilling could do no wrong—until suddenly they could do nothing right. Find out what caused the fall of Enron. What was the cause and effect of Confucianism in the East? Confucius was a kind of Renaissance Man of the ancient East. Where did his ideas come from and what did they lead to in places like China and Japan? You might be surprised to find that in many ways Confucius was simply passing on what he himself received†¦. What is the effect of violence in the media on society? No one can argue that violence in the mainstream media has diminished over the years. Quite the contrary: there seems to be more violence today than ever before on both the big and small screen. So what is the effect of all this blood and guts getting spilled out all over screens across America? Does it actually have an impact on society? What is the effect of listening to Mozart while doing homework? A few studies have examined the claim that listening to Mozart actually improves your brain’s capacity to focus and retain information for a short-term duration. Find out how this happens and explain the effects of classical music on the brain. What was the cause and effect of humanism on the Italian Renaissance? The Italian Renaissance was a time of swirling activity and shifting balances of power. Artists were hired to propagate new ideas and a clear shift in thinking could be discerned as the effects of humanism spread throughout Europe. What caused the fall of the Soviet Union? The Soviet Union and the U.S. were engaged in an ideological battle throughout the Cold War. Then things began to turn south for the Russians. What caused the once proud Soviet Union to fall apart? What was the cause and effect of the Counter-Reformation? Most people know that the Reformation was fueled by men like Luther, Calvin, Knox and Henry. But do you know what led to the rise of the Counter-Reformation, who spurred it on, and what it achieved? What is the effect of poor leadership on organizational culture? Everyone loves a good leader—but what happens when you have a bad leader in your workplace? If good leaders produce positive results, do poor leaders cause negative results to happen? Easy Cause and Effect Essay Topics Easy cause and effect essay topics don’t necessarily have to be based on simplistic questions. Sometimes what makes an easy topic is the fact that there is so much written about it that you’ll have no trouble identifying causes and effects. Try some of these ideas below to get your paper going. What is the cause of the epidemic of obesity in America? Obesity is a major problem in America. But what causes it and what are the serious effects of being overweight?   Many studies have been conducted in recent years to help researchers address this question.   Places like PubMed are great databases to use to start getting the information you’ll need to write this one. What causes a tornado to form? Tornado chasers have one of the most thrilling jobs—when there is action to chase. What happens though when there is not a tornado in sight, and what kind of conditions are needed for tornado formation?   Find out by writing a cause and effect essay on tornadoes. What effect did Prohibition have on U.S. society in the 1920s? Prohibition was meant to restore law and order—but it turned out to have quite the opposite impact. One of the most heinous effects of Prohibition was the rise of the bootleggers and organized crime.   There’s nothing like a little reform to make things worse all the way around. What do we know about the cause and effect of laughter? Did you ever wonder what makes us laugh and why it’s different for so many people? Did you ever wonder what effect laughter has on the body or on the mind?   Did you ever wonder if laughter can ever be a bad thing or if there are types of laughter than are less positive than others? Is genetics the cause of diabetes—or is it diet? Some studies have shown that a bad diet can be the cause of diabetes. Others point to poor environment.   Others point to genetics and the Pima Indians as proof.   Scientists may argue over the cause, but there’s plenty of research on the subject to help you make up your mind. What is the cause and effect of indigestion? If you’ve ever enjoyed a nice, hot plate of Mexican food only to experience terrible indigestion afterwards, this might be just the topic for you. How have the effects of U.S. foreign policy in the Middle East materialized over the past 50 years? What are some of the effects of America’s foreign policy in the Middle East? Iraq has crumbled and millions have been killed.   ISIS is now an existential threat to much of the civilized world not to mention to innocent civilians in the Middle East.   Parts of Syria have been destroyed.   Russia is now engaged in military operations there to help keep things stable.   Has it always been this way?   The past 15 years don’t look so good.   Have a look at the past 50 and see if it’s any better. What is the political effect of bipartisanship? Everyone who loves American politics, loves to talk about bipartisanship. So what’s the political impact of getting bipartisan support for a bill?   Is it always positive?   If so—how do you explain the Freedom Caucus? What are the positive and negative effects of social media on society? Social media is a great way to instantly communicate with friends. But there is also a hidden danger with social media—the loss of privacy.   With social media, the line between a private and a social life has been blurred—perhaps past the point of all return. What is the cause and effect of homelessness in U.S. cities? Homelessness is a subject that few like to talk about: it makes people uncomfortable because there are no easy solutions.   However, what causes homelessness to occur and the effects it has on society are far less difficult to point out. Creative Cause and Effect Topics What effect does teen usage of social media have on teen face-to-face social skills development? Teenagers are using social media and mobile phones to communicate now more than they ever have in the history of the planet. This new method of communication puts a lot of emphasis on digital and virtual connectivity.   So while teens may be more virtually connected, all this energy spent on the Internet may be causing a breakdown in face-to-face, real word contact. What is the cause and effect of â€Å"fake news†? Fake news made its debut in the media recently—so what brought it about? Is it something that is characterized by content, provider, or intent?   Moreover, what effect does fake news have on our culture? What is the cause of the tension between Russian and American political relations? The two nations were allies in WW2—yet ever since the start of the Cold War there has been incredible tension between the two nations. Why is this? What is the cause and effect of laughter? Why do people laugh? Why do they like to laugh?   Why does one person laughing invariably cause others to laugh?   Why are we attracted to laughter?   Why is laughter considered the â€Å"best medicine†?   What effect does laughter have on the brain and body? What is the cathartic effect of watching a tragedy on the stage? How does drama help to cleanse the soul? Why does viewing a character’s tragic story help an audience?   What did Aristotle have to say about tragedy? What is the cause and effect of usury? Usury was, once upon a time, forbidden in the West. Now it is taken for granted and even celebrated in the form of interest rates!   What is the idea behind usury as a practice, and what are the effects of usury—whether negative or positive? Conclusion Cause and effect essay topics are easy to come up with—they are literally all around us. As the Greeks pointed out long ago—and Shakespeare after them (â€Å"Nothing will come of nothing†)—for things to happen there has to be a cause. And for every cause there is an effect. The picture at the top of the page says it all: Newton’s cradle might have been used to demonstrate a point about the conservation of force—but that last ball doesn’t move unless someone moves the first.

Batek of Malaysia Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Batek of Malaysia - Research Paper Example Each of the groups has their own way of living, their own culture to follow, their own language and even unique modes of sustenance. But, as the urban development spreads its roots, the advancements in technologies and science have pushed the boundaries of these unique life styles and have merged most of the culture together, desperately done by the original people in order to sustain these tremors of modern life. Yet, the Bateks are still an exception to all these changing scenarios. They have gripped onto their culture and tradition and have sustained their living through their own traditional ways. The thesis, thus taken up here focuses on exploring the culture of Batek, identifying the unique characteristics of this tribal group of people and to divulge more about their way of living and sustenance. A background According to census taken in the year 1995, there are approximately 700 to 800 people of Batek, who are currently living. With the emergence of urbanization, the numbers may have been reduced more. During the years of 1970, the Bateks lived in the Malaysian states called as Kelantan and Pahang. Their physical appearance is similar to those tribes of Africa and hence former European researchers came to a conclusion that they are remnants of those African tribes. Their tribe name came from the Austronesian speakers who settled in those regions. Their basic language for communication is the Mon-Khmer language. Primary mode of sustenance The Bateks have their connections with the Hoabinhians, from 8000 BC. The Hoabinhians are basically foragers and hence foraging as a means of existence became one of the primary mode of subsistence for the Bateks. As years progressed, horticulture came into picture during 2000 BC. Later, the Batek started to trade with outsiders and it remained as one of important business aspect of the Bateks during the period between 6th and 13th centuries. Slavery crept into the tribe when Malays started invading the Bateks. With the government intervening, the Bateks were freed from slavery in 1920 and came under the direct supervision of them in 1954. (Endicott 1978) With the population dwindling and with the urban growth expediting at a rapid pace, the Bateks settled in the valleys and at the groundside of hills because, higher the altitude, difficult it becomes to forage. Irrespective of the fact that the Bateks have explored several numbers of options to gather food, foraging remains to be their primary and best option. The reason for such a trend is due to two reasons. Firstly, the advantages of foraging allowed them to gain access to food wherever they went as there was no permanent place of living for the Bateks. The second reason, actually being the source of the first reason, is that, foraging allowed them to maintain their life as well as integrity even in the most precarious situations they had faced during the time of immigration of the Malay people - when they started restricting the boundaries of the Bateks. Slavery and intrusion endangered the lives of the Bateks and always kept them on the move, thus denying them of harboring any notions of existence except foraging. (Endicott 1978) Impact on Social and Political Organization Although life among the Bateks is a closely knit one, individual, nuclear families form the basic building blocks of the entire

ASSIGNMENT 1 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

ASSIGNMENT 1 - Essay Example For the given study, the case in focus is a London production titled Adulthood. In brief, the movie focuses on the life of the main character called Sam who had been in jail for quite a significant time after being convicted for killing Trife. In a funny twist, what Sam propagates after coming from jail is the same thing that Trife had persuaded him not to do. Trife had tried to make Sam not seek revenge. After killing his friend and going to jail for it, Sam faces a challenging life afterwards. Basically, the movie is about justice and retribution as a form of dispensation of legal law. The discussion that follows herein focuses on how Adulthood as a film observes the stipulated legal, ethical and regulations outlined in the film industry. Just like in every profession, the film industry needs to be regulated. It needs to conform to the set legal, ethical as well as relevant regulations. The industry controls a significant revenue and population. Its influence on the population is a lso significant. This highlights the importance of adhering to accepted principles. This has relevance since the influence that films command on the audience can have serious implications if deliberations are not taken into mind while controlling the industry. A film like adulthood portrays what happens in most societies. It gives the predicament of those out of jail in view of the rest of the members of the society. Socializing and getting accepted into the society after serving time in jail is often a challenge to most ex-convicts. Prejudices form part of human life. It is common to perceive people or situations from what is visualized without giving considerations to the intricate factors that surround such situations. In terms of films, legal and ethical implications must be observed to ensure the audience gets the right quality (BBFC, 2013). In case that does not happen, there are obvious drawbacks and legal tussles that a film such as Adulthood will be faced with. The audience s are consumers. Consumer satisfaction is a responsibility any business. Government policies also protect consumers. Striking a balance in reference to the two guarantees legal sustainability. In the course of film production, there are obvious contractual agreements that bind the involved parties. In this case, for instance, the film was produced by Amir Madani. In addition, there were other limited liability companies such as High bridge entertainment, Gran via Productions and Sony Pictures Television which were consulted to see the quality production as well as distribution of the film. There are several benefits associated with such companies. Firstly, individual film maker is usually represented by the company should there be a contract breach during the film production (BBFC, 2013). Secondly, the film maker could sell some interests to the limited liability companies and raise some funds to ensure the production process is a success. The companies are more likely to oblige to the tax scheme other than a certain film maker facing the taxing process on individual capacity. The legal predicaments involved in contracts are still applicable in this case. Below is a pictorial representation of the movie’s cover. Being an original work, the movie is a patented product. Its producer has the right of ownership. Any breach of that can lead to a tussle in a court of law. The breach may come from unlawful reproduction. Adulthood was a film which

Operations Management Principles Examination Essay

Operations Management Principles Examination - Essay Example On account of unexpected load of materials from distributors, this results in impact on resource, space, and spares and inventory. b. "Repair parts that are controlled by Charleston facility are out of control". Following are the outcome of analysis related to this problem area: Absence of procedure for replacement of spares The probability of manual handling of spares. Lack of check, if there exists a possibility to reuse defective spares by conducting necessary rectification. Poor inventory system used. c. "Purchasing department is double checking and validating every single purchase request that comes from the inventory department" Purchase procedures do not appear to exist. Failure to adopt process of for every purchase, three vendor quotes to be obtained and compared in terms of cost, quality, delivery and payment schedule. Lack of trust on persons raising requests for purchase Absence of systems, that confirm replacement of spares being used. Absence of audit mechanism, which can be one of the measures for checks and balances. d. "Purchasing department operating a five year old EOQs (Economic Order Quantities)". Systems used on inventory and ordering cost outdated. Absence of technology oriented systems to meet the supply demand Failure of being in line with new technology. Data used, appear to be out-dated e. "Personnel department tired of obtaining trained (or trainable), temporary workers, decided to set permanent staffing levels" Lack of overview of the periodic surges in workload. Poor Resources management, resulting in loss to the organization. Absence of strong employee benefits schemes, binding employees to the organization. IV. Conceptualized conclusions, recommended solutions: Having identified the... Having identified the problems with Charleston, SC operations, and further analysis of problems analyzed, what clearly has been brought to light as outcome of the analysis is lack of control on the overall "operations management". vi. Human resource to obtain from other departments the peak workload periods, and train employees, ensuring supply on demand is available, rather than having unutilized resources on organization permanent rolls. 4. Styles: Management styles help in maintaining the entire process. Each department head should have a style in managing his team/resources/ material, which would ensure success and eliminate problems. a. Human Resource which handles the vital aspect of resources, should introduce employee retention, employee benefit schemes, having people employed on a contract mode, where employees are ready to join keeping in mind the benefits the organizations offer. 6.

Effect of Temperature on the Activation Energy

Effect of Temperature on the Activation Energy Title: Investigating the Effect of Temperature on the Activation Energy Planning A. Hypothesis I predict that as temperature rises, the faster are the rates of reaction. The reaction that will be studied in this experiment is between magnesium and sulphuric acid. This reaction is shown in the chemical equation below: Mg (s) + H2S04 (aq) → MgS04 (aq) + H2 (g) In this experiment, 0.4 grams of magnesium ribbon will be used, together with 100 cubic centimeters of sulphuric acid which is in excess. The variable that I will be changing is the temperature of the water baths where the reactants (sulphuric acid and magnesium ribbon) will be placed. The volume of the gas (hydrogen gas) to be collected at each varying water bath temperature is 100 cubic centimeters. The time it takes for to collect 100 cubic centimeters of the hydrogen gas will be measured to calculate the rate of reaction. B. Background The fundamental basis of the collision theory is the kinetic theory which describes the state of matter in terms of the energy of its particles, (Energex, 2006). According to Wilbraham and others (1997), â€Å"the kinetic theory says that the tiny particles in all forms of matter are in constant motion. When heated, the particles of the substance absorb energy, some of which is stored within the particles. This stored energy does not raise the temperature of the substance. The rest of the energy goes into speeding up the particles.† Particles lacking the necessary kinetic energy to react still collide but simply bounce back. Substances decompose to simpler forms, or form new substances when supplied with sufficient energy, called the â€Å"activation energy†. The activation energy is a barrier or an obstacle that the reactants must cross in order to decompose into simpler substances, or to combine and form new products. At higher temperatures, the particles of a substance move faster and become more energetic. Thus, increasing temperatures help speed up the reaction by first increasing the amount of collisions of particles and cross over the energy barrier. Wilbraham and others argue that â€Å"the main effect of increasing the temperature is to increase the number of particles that have enough kinetic energy to react when they collide. More colliding molecules are energetic enough to slip over the energy barrier to become products.† The frequency of high energy collisions between reactants increase, thus, products form faster. The illustration above shows the basis for the postulate: â€Å"raising the temperature increases the rate of reaction because the added kinetic energy allows a larger fraction of reactants to go over the hill†, (Norton, 2003). C. Risk Assessment Sulphuric acid is a strong, corrosive substance. Therefore, care should be observed when performing the experiment. I will keep in mind the following safety precautions to ensure a safe experiment: To protect the eyes from the strong acid, goggles should be worn. Care in handling the sulphuric acid should be observed. I will not pipette acid by mouth. The temperature of the water baths should be ascertained carefully to prevent scalding. The beaker with hot water bath should be set up carefully to prevent it from being knocked over. D. Fair test To ensure a fair test and high reliability of results from this experiment, I will observe the following measures: All apparatus and equipment shall be cleaned after each time where the time it takes to collect 100 cc of hydrogen gas is obtained at each run of the experiment. The reading for the volume of the sulphuric acid shall be made very carefully by reading from the lower meniscus of the 100 cubic centimeter mark. The volume of the sulphuric acid and the weight of the magnesium ribbon will be measured very accurately for all time measurements at every temperature level at each run of the experiment. The bung should be correctly and tightly placed to prevent the collected hydrogen gas from escaping. In order to achieve a constant and stable temperature for each time measurement, after adding the magnesium ribbon to the sulphuric acid, I will wait for 20 seconds to make sure that the temperature is kept constant. . Procedure of the experiment: Materials needed: For this experiment, the following are the materials that are to be used: 0.4 grams of Magnesium ribbon 100 cubic centimeters of 0.3 Molar sulphuric acid 100 cc gas syringe for the collection of the hydrogen gas (H2) stopwatch for measuring the time it takes to collect 100 cubic centimeters of the H2 gas Thermometer for measuring the temperature of the hot water baths 200 cc conical flask for the sulphuric acid 500 ml graduated cylinder for measuring the sulphuric acid 500 ml beaker for the water baths water baths with the following temperatures: 18.5 °C, 30 °C, 40 ºC, 50 ºC, 60 ºC, and 70 ºC. analytical balance for measuring 0.4 grams of magnesium ribbon Procedure: 1. Set up the materials while making sure that they are clean and the reagents are not contaminated. 2. Using a graduated cylinder, measure 100 cc of 0.3 molar concentration of sulphuric acid. 3. Carefully weigh 0.4 grams of Magnesium ribbon using an analytical balance to make sure that the weight measurement is accurate. 4. Pour the water bath with the desired temperature into the beaker. 5. Carefully put the conical flask with the sulphuric acid and into the beaker with the water bath. 6. Put the 0.4 grams of magnesium ribbon into the conical flask. 7. Measure the time it takes to collect 100 cubic centimeters of hydrogen gas into the gas syringe. 8. Repeat steps 1-7 for every desired temperature. 10. Label the time recorded as run 1. 11. Make 2 more runs for this experiment. IV. Results: Data Gathered: The time measurements for each temperature of 18.5 °C, 30 °C, 40 ºC, 50 ºC, 60 ºC, and 70 ºC were obtained and tabulated below (Table 1). Table 1. Temperature Measurements for the Three Runs or Trials The rates of reaction were obtained using the following formula below: Reaction Rate = Volume of gas collected in cc / Time it takes to collect the gas in seconds The calculated reaction rates (Volume / Time) for each set temperature for the three runs were tabulated below: Table 2. Reaction Rate of Each Run The tabulated data of reaction rates above were then graphed for all the three runs. The graph shows the same pattern for all the runs. Graph 1: Reaction Rate Vs. Time Graph of the Three Runs Using the same data, the average of all calculated reaction rates for each set temperature in every run were taken and tabulated below: Table 3: Average Reaction Rate for Each run The average reaction rate of all the three runs are then graphed below: Graph 2: Average Reaction Rate Vs. Temperature. Determination of the Activation Energy: The linear relationship between a rate constant or reaction rate and temperature is given in the equation: In k = -Ea/R X 1/T + In A, which is obtained from the Arrhenius equation that relates temperature, rate constant and activation energy. To solve this equation, the rate constant or reaction rate at several temperature values obtained in the experiment are required. Activation energy can be calculated from the obtained temperature values and each respective rate constant by graphing In k versus 1/T. The In k values were obtained using a calculator, where for every value of reaction rate (k) entered into the calculator, the In function is pressed and the In k value was given. . Table 4: In K and 1 /T Values with the Corresponding Time and Rate of the First Run After obtaining the In k and 1 / T values for the first run, they were graphed as shown below: Graph 3: In k versus 1/T (First Run) The slope of the In k versus 1/T graph for the first run was obtained the using a line of â€Å"best fit† through the points in the graph. A perpendicular line was drawn at points A and B. In the graph, A is equal to the distance between 0.6700 and 0.400 in the Y-axis and B is the distance between points 0.0033 and 0.0032 in the X-axis. So, to solve for the slope: Line A = 0.6740-0.400 = 0.2740 and for line B = 0.0033-.00032= -0.0001 Slope = Line A / Line B = 0.02740 / 0.0001 = -2740 Graph 4: In k Versus 1/T showing the Slope The relationship between slope and activation energy is: slope = -Ea/R. Hence, the activation energy for the reaction for the first run is: -2740= -Ea/R Ea = (-2740) (8.314J/mol) Ea= 22780.36 J/mol Similarly, data for the second run were obtained and tabulated as shown below: Table 4: In K and 1 /T Values with the Corresponding Time and Rate of the Second Run The values of In k and 1/T for the second run were graphed as shown below: Graph 5: In k – 1/T Graph for the Second Run The slope of the above In k versus 1/T graph for the second run was determined by drawing a perpendicular line in the best fit points such as in the graph of the first run. For the second run, the slope is equal to: -1093.16 So, the activation energy for the second run is: -1093.16 = -Ea/R -Ea = (-1093.16) (8.314 J/mol) Ea = 9088.53 J/mol Data for the In k versus 1/T graph for the third run are as follows were similarly obtained and tabulated as follows: The graph of the tabulated data above is shown below: The slope of the above In k versus 1/T above is: -1274.70 So the activation energy for the third run is: -1267.89 = -Ea/R -Ea = (1267.89) (8.314 J/mol) Ea= 10541.23 J /mol Thus, the activation energy values for each run are the following: First run : 22780.36 J/mol Second run : 9088.53 J/mol Third run : 10541.23 J /mol V. Analysis The data gathered clearly show that at higher temperatures, the rates of reactions increase up to a certain point, and then continue to slow down. This can be seen in the first 2 graphs, namely: Graph 1: Reaction Rate Vs. Time Graph of the Three Runs and Graph 2: Average Reaction Rate Vs. Temperature. This means that after sometime, the rate of reaction slows down because the products are already being formed. In the experiment, the plateaus in the graph correspond to the time that the hydrogen gas (H2) are already being formed. The data also showed only one activation energy value for each run. Thus, it only shows that the activation energy in NOT temperature- dependent, NOR is there a direct relationship between the two, since its value does not change with changes in temperature. The relationship between temperature and activation energy as can be concluded in this experiment, is that the temperature increases the capacity of the system to overcome the activation energy needed to form the products. So, the higher the temperature, the faster are the rates or speed of reactions. VI. Evaluation: A. Experimental Uncertainty: In the measurement of the different temperatures for the water baths, the following percentage errors were obtained: For the reading of 18.5 º C, the percentage error is: Plus or minus 0.5 / 18.5 x 100 = 2.7% For 30 º C, the percentage error is: Plus or minus 0.5 / 30 x 100 = 0.16% For 40 º C, the percentage error is: Plus or minus 0.5 / 40 x 100 = 0. 125% For 53 º C, the percentage error is: Plus or minus 0.5 / 53 x 100 = 0. 94% For 60 º C, the percentage error is: Plus or minus 0.5 / 60 x 100 = 0. 83% For 70 º C, the percentage error is: Plus or minus 0.5 / 60 x 100 = 0. 71% In the use of a graduated cylinder with 1 cm scale, the percentage error is plus or minus 0.5 in every 10 cm scale. So, in this experiment, the percentage error can be calculated as: 0.50/100 X 100 = 0.5%. Experimental Outcomes The outcomes of the experiment exactly fit my hypothesis or prediction, that as the temperature rises, the faster is the rate of reaction. However, I did not predict the outcome that the activation energy itself is NOT temperature dependent, since it does not change with the changes in temperature. This is shown in the experiment results, where there was only one activation energy value for all temperature measurements in each run of the experiment. The relationship between temperature and activation energy is based on the fact that the temperature increases the capacity of the system to overcome the activation energy needed to form the products. Design of the Experiment I believe that to improve the experiment, I may need to compare the reaction used in this experiment to a reaction that uses a catalyst to investigate the effect of catalysts on the activation energy and speed of reactions. References: Activation Energy, 2006. http://chemed.chem.purdue.edu/genchem/topicreview/bp/ch22/activate.html#act [Accessed: February 28, 2006]. Collins, M. (1999), Activation Energy and the Arrhenius Equation. Abbey Newsletter, Vol.23, Number 3, 1999. http://palimpsest.stanford.edu/byorg/abbey/an/an23/an23-3/an23-308.html. [Accessed: February 29, 2006]. Energex, 2006. Kinetic Theory. http://www.energex.com/au/switched_on/project_info/electricity_production_glossary.html#K. [Accessed: February 29, 2006]. Norton, 2003. Key Equations and Concepts .Chemistry in the Science Context. http://www.wwnorton.com/chemistry/concepts/chapter14/ch14_5.htm [Accessed: February 27, 2006]. The Shodon Education Foundation, Inc. 1998. The Arrhenius Equation. http://www.shodor.org/UnChem/advanced/kin/arrhenius.html. [Accessed: February 27, 2006]. Wikipedia, 2006. Collision Theory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/collision_theory. [Accessed: February 27, 2006]. Wilbraham, A. Stanley D., Matta, M., 1997. Chemistry. 4th edition. Menlo Park, California: Addison-Wesley. (pp.490-494). .

Explain And Evaluate Critically Malthuss Population Theory. Essay examp

Explain and Evaluate Critically Malthus's Population Theory. In 1798 Thomas Robert Malthus, a British clergyman and professor, wrote an essay showing the way to modern demography. In 1824 he wrote a shorter final version, the article on population for that year's Encyclopedia Britannica. Malthus has been criticized for his lack of scientific foresight—he did not foresee modern advances leading to increased life expectancy, food production and birth control. He has been criticized for his politics—he thought welfare immorally increased population and hunger. He has been criticized for pessimism— the adjective Malthusian is associated with a gloomy outlook for humanity. But he showed the way for the study of human population. People. To learn how fast people might reproduce, Malthus examined the United States census. Conveniently, that count was required each decade, starting in 1790, by the Constitution of the former British colonies. Land was so fertile and uncrowded that food production seemed not to limit population growth. Immigration counts were available to subtract from natural rates of population growth, thus revealing net reproductive growth. Malthus observed that under such ideal conditions, during each 25 years the human population tends to double. So if world population is represented by 1, then after each 25 years it would be 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 and so on, provided there were no limits on such "natural" rates of population in...

Education System in Pakistan Essay

The education system in Pakistan is generally divided into five levels:- 1) Primary (Grades one to Grade 5) 2) Middle (Grades six to Grade 8) 3) High (Grade Nine to Grade 10) Also known as Secondary 4) Intermediate (Grade eleven to 12) Also known as Higher Secondary 5) University (Undergraduate and Graduate degree) (14 to 16 Years of Education) 1) Primary Level of Education The standard national system of education is mainly inspired from the British System. Pre-School education is designed for 3-5 years old and usually consists of three stages (Play Group, Nursery and Kindergarten (KG)). After pre-school education, students go through junior school from grade 1 to 5. Only 80% of Pakistani children finish primary school education. 2) Middle Level of Education After passing grade 5 Examination which is conducted by the Punjab Examination Commission Lahore, students are promoted in to Middle Level ie grade 6 to 8. At middle level single-sex education is usually preferred by the community but co-education is also common in urban cities of the Pakistan. Subject Taught at Middle Level of Education: At middle level of education the eight commonly examined subjects are Urdu, English, Mathematics, Arts, Science, Social Studies, Islamiyat and sometime Computer Studies. Some institutes also give instruction in foreign languages such as Turkish, Arabic, Persian, French and Chinese. The language of instruction depends on the nature of the institution itself, whether it is an English medium school or an Urdu medium School. 3) High/Secondary Level of Education After passing grade 8 Examination which is conducted by the Punjab Examination Commission Lahore, Students are promoted to High/Secondary Level ie grade 9 to 10 which is also known Secondary School Certificate (SSC). Students are required to pass a national examination administered by a regional Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education (BISE). Upon successful completion of these two examination, they are awarded a SSC Certificate. This locally known as â€Å"Matriculation†. Subject Taught at Secondary Level of Education: The curriculum usually includes a combination of eight courses including elective subject such as (Biology, Chemistry, Physics and Computer) as well as compulsory subject such as (Mathematics, English, Urdu, Islamiyat and Pakistan Studies). 4) Intermediate/Higher Secondary Level of Education The students are promoted to grade 11 after passing of grade 10. Upon successful completion of grade 11 and grade 12 Examination by the BISE, students are awarded the Higher Secondary School Certificate (HSSC). This level of education is also called the FSc/FA or â€Å"Intermediate†. There are many groups that students can choose for their 11 and 12 grades, such as pre-medical, pre-engineering, humanities and commerce. Subject Taught at Intermediate/Higher Secondary Level of Education: At Intermediate level each group consists of three elective and as well as three compulsory subject of English, Urdu, Islamiyat(grade 11 only) and Pakistan Studies (Grade 12 only). 6) University Level of Education (Undergraduate and Graduate degree) After earning HSSC (Higher Secondary School Certificate), students may study in a professional college/University for Bachelor’s degree courses such as engineering (B.Engg/BS Engg), medicine (MBBS), dentistry (BDS), veterinary medicine (DVM), law (LLB), architecture (B. Arch), pharmacy (Pharm-D) and nursing (B. Nurs). These courses require four or five years of study. There are some councils and boards that will handle all the educational matters in these cases and they are known as the PMDC, Pakistan pharmacy council and Pakistan nursing council. Students can also attend a university for Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (B. Sc), Bachelor of Commerce (B. Com). At university level there are two types of Bachelor courses in Pakistan: Pass or Honors. Pass degree requires two years of study and students normally read three optional subjects (such as Chemistry or Economics) in addition to almost equal number of compulsory subject such as English and Pakistan Studies. Honours degree required three or four years of study, and students normally specialize in a chosen field of study such as Microbiology (BS Hons. Microbiology). After successful completion of B. A,B. Sc, students enrolled in Master degree programme that require 2 years education to get the Master degree. Masters in Philosophy (M. Phil) is available in most of the subject and can be undertaken after doing Masters. Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) education is also available in selected areas and is usually pursued after earning a M. Phil degree. Students pursuing M. Phil or PhD degree must choose a specific field and a university that is doing research work in that filed. M. Phil and PhD education in Pakistan requires minimum of 2 years of study. Dr. Qaisar Abbas Janjua M. A (Education).

Role of Literature in the Age of Technology

Literature refers to the realm of letters and the writings of a particular period, mostly those whose value lies in the beauty of form or emotional effect. Technology is the science of the industrial arts. Scientists have played an important role in promoting human welfare, but the benefits of science may not have reached the masses, at any rate in ample measure, without technological devices and practical applications. We live in the world of both science and technology and many people, who take a rather superficial view of things, have begun to feel that in the technological world of tomorrow the role of literature seems poor.In fact, literature in its pure form is believed to have little relation with science and technology. Science provides knowledge and power and both science and technology affect human life at several points, though the extent and utility of the applications are determined by our culture, our wisdom and our priorities. Literature reflects the moods and emotions of the times in which it is produced; it is conditioned by the reflexes which, in turn, are created by the impact of science and technology.Modern technology increasingly dominates the world, and the domination is likely to become more pronounced in future, because of the fast developments tending to subdue creative human thinking and expression. But the belief that literature would have no place in future and in futuristic calculations is erroneous. There is no reason to believe that the mechanical way of life, in which our actions are governed more and more by computer culture and electronic calculators of all types, will destroy the talent of writers, authors, poets, biographers and artists.Technology does not discourage natural, multi faceted talent; rather, it generally promotes the climate for expressions of talent in countless channels. All round prosperity helps a great deal in creating literature of lasting value, and it is technology which has made many countries wealthy and prosperous. Jawaharlal Nehru cautioned us some four decades ago that it was only through the growth of technology that our country would become prosperous.In some cases technological development and automation may cause misery, through the resultant unemployment, for instance. But it has to be noted that both science and technology also provide additional avenues for employment; countries which boast of maximum employment, or nearly so, are those which are technologically advanced. In fact, our country may go down, instead of progressing fast, if we do not keep pace with technological developments and march in step, as far as possible, with the industrialised and technologically progressive nations.It is not only for the sake of the material benefits, the comforts and conveniences of life that we must opt for the latest technological processes, even by discarding our traditional practices, but for our art and literature, too, we shall have to make the best of technology, which w ould enable talented people to put in their best in art and literature. Some people think and they have a reason for doing so, that since science demolishes faith and tradition, it tends to produce scepticism, anxiety and even tensions, and it doubts everything, even cherished values.Science has eliminated superstitions. Technology helps to provide weapons of war; war stimulates technologists, but it depresses the artists and those who prepare literary pieces. Sensitivity and the urge to create new masterpieces get suppressed; reckless destruction, bloodshed and hostilities ruin the very climate that helps to create literature and artistic masterpieces. Culture and literature, after all, indicate the cultivation of man's inner nature.Culture prompts men and women to seek perfection; they are not motivated by curiosity and the endless sense of enquiry which characterise scientists and technologists. Literature expresses feelings and innermost thoughts and ambitions, while technology has other ends and other fields to explore. Literature may at first appear to be out of place in a technological milieu, but surely scientists and technologists do not encroach upon the field of literature. There seems to be no reason why both literature and technology cannot flourish side by side.A society that is highly progressive technologically may also become rich in literature. We may take the example of the world's most industrially advanced country and the mightiest military power, the USA, where technology has registered unprecedented achievements and yet the USA has produced rich literature. Technology results in affluence and prosperity and economic prosperity promotes good literature and masterpieces in the arts. So there is no contraction involved. It is only during war and the all out preparations for war, that literature gets a setback.Science and technology, it has been truly said, have radically altered the face of civilisation, but nothing, not even the most sophi sticated mechanical devices and the most fruitful applications of new inventions, can change human nature or replace human being, who must indeed remain in effective command of all scientific inventions and their day-to-day application. Technology has created robots, artificial intelligence in the shape of â€Å"thinking computers† which can read, translate, interpret and give decisions with amazing speed and accuracy.But not even the most sophisticated technological advances can by themselves produce literature—poetry, prose, plays, novels and stories. In a sense, science and technology may be said to be of direct assistance in promoting literature, because they help to create leisure by introducing labour saving and time saving devices and by eliminating drudgery as well as duplication of effort. The leisure thus created can be put to literary pursuits. In such a context, the talk of a contradiction between technology and literature is not well founded.Scientific kno w how may thus be viewed as technology which, examined dispassionately, has an important bearing on arts and literature. Good literature makes a lasting impact on the human mind; it entertains, instructs and ennobles the spirit of human beings; it does not debase or corrupt the mind in any way, and it certainly does not lead to destruction of any section of mankind. Science and its handmaid, technology, however, have placed in the hands of man vicious and highly destructive tools in the shape of lethal weapons the like of which he has never had before.Literature builds, but technology, if misused by vicious statesmen and politicians may cause havoc on a massive scale, destroying both litterateurs and technologists without discrimination. Technology does make for concentration and centralisation of economic and political activity. A person's individuality, sense of fraternity and selflessness tend to get eroded. Where there is less patronage of art and talent, there is bound to be le ss of literature of permanent value, because the right spirit and mood are not there to promote it.The depersonalisation of modern life which, it appears, will get stronger as the years pass, is likely to discourage writers and poets; misery, anguish and a generally noisy atmosphere are hardly conducive to the production of sound literature. But we need not give up all hope of a better world tomorrow, from the standpoint of culture and literature, simply because science and technology tend to predominate over human values. It is within the power and capacity of man, provided he exercises his sound judgment and pursues the right priorities to shape a better world, where literature flourishes along with industry and technology.